Результаты двух больших рандомизированных исследований по III фазе, в которых
сравнивались 3 возможных варианта ведения больных после прогрессирования на
5ФУ–содержащих режимах, показали преимущество Кампто в выживаемости и качестве
жизни больных, по сравнению с длительными инфузиями 5ФУ [9] и оптимальной
поддерживающей терапией [10] (табл. 2).
Таким образом, результаты III фазы подтверждают целесообразность проведения
2–й линии химиотерапии при диссеминированном РТК. На сегодняшний день это
стандартный подход к лечению данной категории больных.
В Европейском исследовании (385 больных) сравнивались высокодозные
инфузионные режимы 5ФУ (De Gramont и режим AIO) с теми же режимами в комбинации
с Кампто в первой линии химиотерапии диссеминированного колоректального рака
[28]. В Американском исследовании (683 больных) сравнивались 3 режима [29].
Сравнительная оценка эффективности изучаемых режимов представлена в табл. 4.
По всем показателям – общая эффективность, продолжительность ответа на
лечение, стабилизация опухолевого процесса, время до прогрессирования и
выживаемость – комбинация Кампто + 5ФУ/Лв превосходит общепринятую схему 5ФУ/Лв.
Побочные эффекты комбинации были предсказуемы, обратимы, контролируемы и
некумулятивны. Совокупная частота случаев развития у больных диареи 3–4 степени
была сравнима с таковыми показателями при монотерапии Кампто у ранее леченных
пациентов.
Поскольку пожилой возраст считается фактором риска плохой переносимости
Кампто, мы сравнили частоту выраженных побочных эффектов у больных старше и
моложе 65 лет. Анализ полученных данных показал, что в группе пожилых больных
несколько чаще наблюдалась рвота, выраженная астения, тошнота и нейтропения 3–4
степени, но реже – выраженная диарея. Однако различия оказались статистически
недостоверными (табл. 6).
Еще один новый препарат – оксалиплатин – демонстрирует многообещающие
результаты в лечении больных диссеминированным РТК.
Медиана безрецидивной выживаемости колебалась от 7 до 10 месяцев,
продолжительность жизни – от 10 до 17 месяцев.
Результаты рандомизированных исследований показали преимущество комбинации
оксалиплатин + 5ФУ/Лв по сравнению со стандартной комбинацией 5ФУ/Лв.
Во всех 3–х исследованиях и ралтитрексед, и комбинация 5ФУ/Лв вызывали у
части пациентов симптоматический эффект. Оценка качества жизни больных показала
некоторое преимущество Томудекса перед 5ФУ/Лв.
В исследование было включено 905 больных с распространенным РТК.
Все большее внимание исследователей привлекает изучение пероральных форм 5ФУ
и его предшественников. Воспроизводя фармакокинетику длительных инфузий 5ФУ, эти
препараты имеют ряд преимуществ – они более удобны, пролонгированный курс
химиотерапии (2–4 недели) снижает частоту токсических реакций, а также
осложнений, связанных с катетерами, возможно их применение в амбулаторных
условиях.
Оба режима продемонстрировали высокую противоопухолевую активность и хорошую
переносимость в 1–й линии лечения. Медиана времени до прогрессирования в обеих
группах была практически одинакова. Важно отметить, что при последовательном
применении этих режимов выживаемость больных составила около 20 месяцев, что
существенно превосходит результаты других более ранних исследований.
Перспективными представляются комбинации Кампто и оксалиплатина с
пероральными фторпроизводными – УФТ, капецитабином. В исследовании Cruz и
соавт.[83] Кампто вводили в дозе 125 мг/м2/нед. – в 1, 8 и 15 дни,
УФТ назначали параллельно в дозе 200 мг/м2/д. с лейковорином 45 мг/д.
с 1 по 21 день. Курсы повторяли каждые 4 недели. Из 17 оцененных больных
объективный эффект был достигнут у 18%, кроме того у 9 больных сохранялась
стабилизация процесса.
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